Metaphorically Speaking, A Dictionary of 3,800 Picturesque Idiomatic Expressions, Renton N.E., 1990

Metaphorically Speaking, A Dictionary of 3,800 Picturesque Idiomatic Expressions, Renton N.E., 1990.

   Metaphors which have the community’s seal of approval roll off the tongue so readily that by any yardstick they are invariably thick on the ground. A person in the pink who plays his cards right and who takes up the cudgels for the cause will without going overboard or changing tack find an avalanche of metaphors under his very nose. Unless he puts a foot wrong or goes off half-cocked he will regard them all as useful tools and as grist to his mill. He will already be in the picture and will not need to engage in a witch-hunt or rely on the grapevine in order to put his finger on them.
Without matters getting out of hand or losing any momentum it stands out a mile that metaphors are in the blood of every Tom, Dick and Harry worth his salt and willing to show the flag. Many expressions have been gathering dust for donkey’s years and are so much a hallmark of our society that their down to earth use at the drop of a hat does not ring a bell or cause any eyebrows to be raised.




ARRANGEMENT.
The bulk of this book is in three separate parts. First of all there is a main list in Part I which sets out each metaphor dealt with and which gives a deliberately brief yet concise explanation of its import. Occasionally where appropriate some further background information is added. This is followed in Part II by subsidiary lists showing the relevant metaphors occurring in each of a number of readily identifiable categories. Part III is a special section, not normally found in dictionaries. It is designed more for writers than for readers, although it is hoped that the latter will still find it of interest. It contains lists showing metaphors classified according to the broad subject areas in which they express ideas or concepts. These lists will also be of particular relevance to public speakers when preparing their material.

In addition, some general comments relating to metaphors at large and dealing with historical and other interesting aspects of the subject are made in Chapter 2 and the succeeding chapters. Some of these comments are based on a computer analysis made while researching this project. In particular, the categories relevant to Part II are discussed further in Chapter 4. They have regard to the literal or original meaning of the words—not to their figurative or borrowed usage. The basis of the thesaurus in Part III is explained in Chapter 5. A number of miscellaneous case studies are presented in Chapter 6. Some aspects of grammar and punctuation are dealt with in Chapter 7.

Contents.
PART I.
1: INTRODUCTION.
Background.
Objectives.
Coverage.
Arrangement.
Borderline Cases.
Common Keywords.
2: SOURCES OF METAPHORS.
Metaphors from Literature.
Metaphors from Politics.
Metaphors from Religious Sources.
Metaphors from Heraldry.
The Role of Foreign Languages.
3: THE METAPHOR IN DAILY USE.
The Prevalence of Metaphors.
The Graphic Nature of Longer Metaphors.
Mixed Metaphors.
Metaphors in Transition.
4: METAPHORS IN VARIOUS CATEGORIES.
The Thematic Section.
Sport.
The Human Body.
Animals.
The World of Sail.
Music.
Commerce.
Amusements Generally.
Statistics of Usage.
5: METAPHORS EXPRESSING IDEAS IN CERTAIN SUBJECT AREAS.
The Thesaurus.
“Difficulty” as a Concept.
Money Matters.
Metaphors Used Euphemistically.
6: SELECTED CASE STUDIES.
The Living English Language.
Duplications.
Plays on Words.
Emphasis.
The Need for Precision.
Overlap.
Negative Expressions.
Nonsense Expressions.
Colloquialisms.
Sexist Language.
Double Metaphors.
Popular Misconceptions.
Words are Fun!.
7: SOME GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS.
Grammatical Form of the Metaphor.
Principles Used in the Listings.
Metaphors Involving a Change to the Part of Speech.
Verbs Requiring Special Subjects.
The Use of Quotation Marks.
Idioms.
Synecdoche.
Personification.
Hyperbole.
Irony.
PART II.
8: DICTIONARY.
Metaphors Arranged Alphabetically by Keyword.
9: THEMATIC SECTION.
Metaphors in Various Categories
10: THESAURUS.
Metaphors Expressing Ideas in Certain Subject Areas
Appendix 1: Keywords Occurring Most Frequently.
Appendix 2: Statistical Summary of the Categories.
Appendix 3: Material for Party Games.
Appendix 4: Metaphors Derived From the Bible.
Appendix 5: “Yes, Prime Minister”.



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