Problems in General Physics, Irodov I.E., 1981

Problems in General Physics, Irodov I.E., 1981.

   This book of problems is intended as a textbook for students at higher educational institutions studying advanced course in physics. Besides, because of the great number of simple problems it may be used by students studying a general course in physics.
The book contains about 1900 problems with hints for solving the most complicated ones.




Примеры.
Two particles move in a uniform gravitational field with an acceleration g. At the initial moment the particles were located at one point and moved with velocities v1 = 3.0 m/s and v2 = 4.0 m/s horizontally in opposite directions. Find the distance between the particles at the moment when their velocity vectors become mutually perpendicular.

Three points are located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle whose side equals a. They all start moving simultaneously with velocity v constant in modulus, with the first point heading continually for the second, the second for the third, and the third for the first. How soon will the points converge?

Two particles, 1 and 2, move with constant velocities v1 and v2 along two mutually perpendicular straight lines toward the intersection point 0. At the moment t = 0 the particles were located at the distances l1 and l2 from the point O. How soon will the distance between the particles become the smallest? What is it equal to?

Оглавление.
Preface.
A Few Hints for Solving the Problems.
Notation.
PART ONE. PHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF MECHANICS.    
1.1. Kinematics.  
1.2. The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics.
1.3. Laws of Conservation of Energy, Momentum, and Angular Momentum.
1.4. Universal Gravitation.
1.5. Dynamics of a Solid Body.  
1.6. Elastic Deformations of a Solid Body.
1.7. Hydrodynamics.
1.8. Relativistic Mechanics.
PART TWO. THERMODYNAMICS AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS.
2.1. Equation of the Gas State. Processes.
2.2. The First Law of Thermodynamics. Heat Capacity.     
2.3. Kinetic Theory of Gases. Boltzmann’s Law and Maxwell’s Distribution.
2.4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. Entropy.
2.5. Liquids. Capillary Effects.
2.6. Phase Transformations.
2.7. Transport Phenomena.
PART THREE. ELECTRODYNAMICS.
3.1. Constant Electric Field in Vacuum.
3.2. Conductors and Dielectrics in an Electric Field.
3.3. Electric Capacitance. Energy of an Electric Field.
3.4. Electric Current.
3.5. Constant Magnetic Field. Magnetics.      
3.6. Electromagnetic Induction. Maxwell’s Equations.         
3.7. Motion of Charged Particles in Electric and Magnetic Fields.
PART FOUR. OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES.
4.1. Mechanical Oscillations.
4.2. Electric Oscillations.
4.3. Elastic Waves. Acoustics.
4.4. Electromagnetic Waves. Radiation.
PART FIVE. OPTICS.
5.1. Photometry and Geometrical Optics.
5.2. Interference of Light.
5.3. Diffraction of Light.
5.4. Polarization of Light.
5.5. Dispersion and Absorption of Light.
5.6. Optics of Moving Sources.
5.7. Thermal Radiation. Quantum Nature of Light.
PART SIX. ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS.
6.1. Scattering of Particles. Rutherford-Bohr Atom.
6.2. Wave Properties of Particles. Schrodinger Equation.    
6.3. Properties of Atoms. Spectra.
6.4. Molecules and Crystals.
6.5. Radioactivity.
6.6. Nuclear Reactions.
6.7. Elementary Particles.
ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS.
APPENDICES.
1. Basic Trigonometrical Formulas.
2. Sine Function Values.
3. Tangent Function Values.
4. Common Logarithms.
5. Exponential Functions.
6. Greek Alphabet.
7. Numerical Constants and Approximations.
8. Some Data on Vectors.
9. Derivatives and Integrals.
10. Astronomical Data.
11. Density of Substances.
12. Thermal Expansion Coefficients.
13. Elastic Constants. Tensile Strength.
14. Saturated Vapour Pressure.
15. Gas Constants.
16. Some Parameters of Liquids and Solids.
17. Permittivities.
18. Resistivities of Conductors.
19. Magnetic Susceptibilities of Para- and Diamagnetics.
20. Refractive Indices.
21. Rotation of the Plane of Polarization.
22. Work Function of Various Metals.
23. К Band Absorption Edge.
24. Mass Absorption Coefficients.
25. Ionization Potentials of Atoms.
26. Mass of Light Atoms.
27. Half-life Values of Radionuclides.
28. Units of Physical Quantities.
29. The Basic Formulas of Electrodynamics in the ST and Gaussian Systems.  
30. Fundamental Constants.



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